-
Amylase, a-, Aspergillus oryzae CAS:9001-19-8 Farashin Mai ƙera
Amylanse wani enzyme ne da ke sauƙaƙa narkewar sitaci zuwa sukari mai sauƙi kamar maltose da glucose. Yawancin lokaci ana samar da shi ta hanyoyi daban-daban, ciki har da ƙwayoyin cuta, fungi, da tsire-tsire.
"a-" a cikin "a-amylase" yana nufin nau'in amylase wanda ke haɓaka haɗin haɗin glycosidic na ciki na alpha-1,4 a cikin ƙwayar sitaci. Wannan yana haifar da samar da gajerun polysaccharides na sarƙoƙi, waɗanda za a iya sake raba su zuwa glucose ta hanyar wasu enzymes na amylase.
Aspergillus oryzae wani nau'in naman gwari ne da aka sani da ikonsa na samar da amylase mai yawa. Ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin tsarin samar da enzyme na masana'antu saboda ƙarfin aikin amylolytic. Ana amfani da enzymes ɗin da Aspergillus oryzae ke samarwa, gami da a-amylase, a masana'antu daban-daban, kamar abinci, giya, yadi, da sabulun wanki.
A masana'antar abinci, a-amylase da aka samo daga Aspergillus oryzae galibi ana amfani da shi wajen yin burodi, yin giya, da sarrafa sitaci. Yana taimakawa wajen wargaza sitaci a cikin kullu, malt, da sauran kayan da aka samar, yana sauƙaƙa canza hadaddun carbohydrates zuwa sukari mai sauƙi wanda yisti ko ƙwayoyin cuta za su iya narkewa yayin fermentation. Ana kuma amfani da wannan enzyme a masana'antar yadi don sauƙaƙe cire sinadaran da aka yi da sitaci daga yadi.
-
Aprotinin CAS:9087-70-1 Farashin Mai Masana'anta
Aprotinin wani sinadari ne na halitta wanda ke hana enzymes na proteolytic iri-iri, ciki har da trypsin, chymotrypsin, da plasmin. Ana amfani da shi sosai a wuraren kiwon lafiya, musamman a tiyatar zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, don rage zubar jini da kuma rage zubar jini. Aprotinin yana aiki ta hanyar hana ayyukan waɗannan enzymes, waɗanda ke da hannu wajen rushewar gudan jini da kuma lalata fibrin, wani furotin da ke taimakawa wajen samar da gudan jini. Ta hanyar hana yawan aikin enzymatic, aprotinin yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye daidaiton gudan jini, ta haka yana rage matsalolin zubar jini yayin tiyata.
-
Thrombin CAS:9002-04-4 Farashin Mai ƙera
Thrombin muhimmin enzyme ne da ke da hannu a cikin zubar jini, wanda kuma aka sani da coagulation. Ana samar da shi ne daga furotin da ya riga ya fara aiki, prothrombin, don mayar da martani ga rauni ko lalacewar tasoshin jini. Thrombin yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da gudan jini, wanda ke taimakawa wajen hana zubar jini mai yawa da kuma inganta warkar da rauni.
Da zarar an kunna shi, thrombin yana canza fibrinogen, wani furotin a cikin jini, zuwa fibrin. Fibrin yana samar da tsari mai kama da raga wanda ke kama platelets da jajayen ƙwayoyin jini, yana samar da tsayayyen gudan jini. Thrombin kuma yana kunna wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da gudan jini, yana ƙara yawan aikin gudan jini.
Bayan rawar da yake takawa wajen samar da gudan jini, thrombin yana da wasu muhimman ayyuka. Yana inganta warkar da raunuka ta hanyar ƙarfafa ƙaura da yaɗuwar ƙwayoyin halitta da ke cikin gyaran nama. Thrombin kuma yana aiki a matsayin mai hana jijiyoyin jini, yana sa jijiyoyin jini su yi ƙunci da rage kwararar jini zuwa wurin da rauni ya faru.
-
Urease CAS:9002-13-5 Farashin Mai Masana'anta
Urease wani enzyme ne da ke ƙara yawan sinadarin urea zuwa ammonia da carbon dioxide. Ana samar da shi ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban, ciki har da ƙwayoyin cuta, fungi, da tsire-tsire. Urease yana da mahimmanci ga metabolism na nitrogen kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin hanyoyin halittu daban-daban, kamar su hydrolysis na urea a cikin kodan da kuma haɗa nitrogen a cikin tsire-tsire. Hakanan yana da aikace-aikacen masana'antu, gami da gano ƙwayoyin cuta masu samar da urease, takin zamani da aka yi da urea, da kuma gano masu hana urease don magance wasu yanayi na lafiya.
-
Leupeptin hemisulfate CAS:103476-89-7
Leupeptin hemisulfate wani maganin hana protease ne wanda ake amfani da shi a binciken sinadarai da na halittu. An samo shi ne daga ƙwayoyin cuta na Streptomyces kuma yana aiki ta hanyar hana ayyukan proteases daban-daban, ciki har da trypsin, chymotrypsin, da plasmin.
Sau da yawa ana amfani da Leupeptin hemisulfate a gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje don hana lalacewar furotin da ba a so, domin proteases na iya lalata sunadarai da peptides, wanda ke shafar sakamakon gwaji. Ta hanyar hana ayyukan protease, leupeptin hemisulfate yana taimakawa wajen daidaita furotin da kuma kiyaye amincinsu yayin gwaje-gwaje.
Bugu da ƙari, an yi amfani da leupeptin hemisulfate a cikin nazarin al'adun ƙwayoyin halitta don bincika rawar da proteases ke takawa a cikin hanyoyin ƙwayoyin halitta daban-daban, kamar siginar ƙwayoyin halitta, apoptosis, da juyawar furotin.
-
Lipase daga pancreas na alade CAS:9001-62-1
Lipase wani enzyme ne da ke haɓaka hydrolysis na lipids, musamman rushewar triglycerides zuwa fatty acids da glycerol. Halittu daban-daban ne ke samar da shi, ciki har da dabbobi, tsirrai, da ƙananan halittu. Lipase yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen narkewar abinci, domin yana taimakawa wajen wargajewa da kuma sha kitsen abinci a cikin ƙaramin hanji. Bugu da ƙari, lipase yana da amfani da yawa a masana'antu kamar sarrafa abinci, kera sabulun wanki, magunguna, da samar da man fetur. Ikonsa na hydrolyze lipids yana sa ya zama mai mahimmanci ga ayyuka kamar gyaran lipid, haɓaka ɗanɗano, da kuma cire mai.
-
Lysostaphin CAS:9011-93-2 Farashin Mai ƙera
Lysostaphin wani enzyme ne mai ƙarfi na ƙwayoyin cuta wanda ke kai hari musamman ga Staphylococcus aureus, ƙwayar cuta mai alhakin kamuwa da cuta daban-daban a cikin mutane. An samo shi ne daga ƙwayar cuta Staphylococcus simulans kuma yana da ikon rushe bangon tantanin halitta na S. aureus, wanda ke haifar da lalata shi.
Wannan enzyme ɗin yana kai hari musamman ga layin peptidoglycan na bangon ƙwayoyin cuta, yana lalata tsarinsa kuma yana haifar da lalata ƙwayoyin cuta. Wannan tsari na musamman na aiki yana sa lysostaphin ya yi tasiri sosai akan nau'ikan S. aureus, gami da waɗanda ke jure wa maganin rigakafi da aka saba amfani da su.
-
L-Lactate dehydrogenase CAS:9001-60-9
L-Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) wani enzyme ne wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin metabolism na makamashin tantanin halitta, musamman a cikin canza pyruvate zuwa lactate. Yana haɓaka juyawar L-lactate zuwa pyruvate, yana amfani da NAD+ a matsayin cofactor.
Ana samun LDH a cikin kyallen jiki daban-daban, ciki har da hanta, zuciya, tsokoki, da ƙwayoyin jinin ja. Matakan aikin sa na iya zama alamar gano wasu cututtuka, kamar lalacewar hanta, bugun zuciya, da wasu nau'ikan ciwon daji.
Babban aikin LDH shine kiyaye daidaiton kuzarin tantanin halitta ta hanyar sauƙaƙe canza pyruvate, wani samfurin glycolysis, zuwa lactate. Wannan tsari, wanda aka sani da anaerobic glycolysis, yana faruwa ne idan babu iskar oxygen kuma yana ba da damar ƙwayoyin halitta su ci gaba da samar da makamashi lokacin da wadatar iskar oxygen ta yi ƙasa.
-
Pepsin CAS:9001-76-7 Farashin Mai Masana'anta
Pepsin wani sinadari ne na narkewar abinci da ake samu a cikin ciki wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen narkewar abinci da kuma wargajewar sunadaran. Yana cikin rukunin enzymes da ake kira proteases, waɗanda ke da alhakin raba sunadaran zuwa ƙananan peptides da amino acid, wanda ke ba da damar sha a cikin ƙaramin hanji.
Ana samar da Pepsin ta hanyar ƙwayoyin da ke cikin ciki, waɗanda aka sani da manyan ƙwayoyin halitta, a cikin wani nau'in da ba ya aiki da ake kira pepsinogen. Lokacin da abinci ya shiga cikin ciki, yana haifar da sakin acid na ciki, wanda ke canza pepsinogen zuwa siffarsa mai aiki, pepsin. Pepsin yana aiki da kyau a cikin yanayi mai acidic, saboda ƙarancin pH na ciki yana taimakawa wajen kunnawa da kuma kula da ayyukan enzymes.
-
Karin Protein Kinase KT5823 CAS:126643-37-6
Karin sinadarin kinase na furotin KT5823 ƙaramin abu ne mai hana ƙwayoyin halitta wanda ke kai hari musamman kuma yana hana ayyukan kinase na furotin. Kinase na furotin enzymes ne waɗanda ke phosphorylate sunadarai ta hanyar ƙara ƙungiyoyin phosphate zuwa takamaiman ragowar amino acid, yawanci serine, threonine, ko tyrosine. Wannan tsarin phosphorylation yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban na siginar ƙwayoyin halitta, yana daidaita aikin furotin, da kuma sarrafa hanyoyin ƙwayoyin halitta kamar haɓakar ƙwayoyin halitta, rarrabuwa, bambance-bambance, da apoptosis.
Ana amfani da KT5823 a cikin nazarin bincike don bincika aikin da kuma hanyoyin siginar kinases na furotin. Ta hanyar hana kinases na furotin, KT5823 na iya taimaka wa masu bincike su tantance takamaiman sunadarai da hanyoyin da aikin kinase ya shafa. Wannan bayanin zai iya zama mai fahimta wajen fahimtar rawar kinases na furotin a cikin ayyukan tantanin halitta da kuma yiwuwar gano sabbin manufofin magani.
-
Pyridoxal-5′-phosphate monohydrate CAS:41468-25-1
Pyridoxal-5′-phosphate monohydrate, wanda kuma aka sani da PLP, shine nau'in bitamin B6 mai aiki. Yana da mahimmanci coenzyme wanda ke da hannu a cikin nau'ikan halayen enzymatic a cikin jiki. PLP yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin metabolism na amino acid, haɗakar neurotransmitter, da kuma haɗa heme, wani ɓangare na haemoglobin.
PLP yana aiki a matsayin coenzyme ta hanyar ɗaurewa ga takamaiman enzymes da kuma taimakawa wajen haɗakar sinadarai. Yana aiki a matsayin mai kara kuzari, yana sauƙaƙa canza abubuwa daban-daban, kamar amino acid, zuwa samfura daban-daban. PLP yana da matuƙar muhimmanci musamman a cikin metabolism na amino acid, kamar canza tryptophan zuwa serotonin, ko kuma rushewar glycine zuwa serine.
Baya ga rawar da yake takawa a cikin metabolism na amino acid, PLP kuma tana da hannu a cikin haɗakar neurotransmitters kamar dopamine, norepinephrine, da gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Waɗannan neurotransmitters suna da mahimmanci don ingantaccen aikin kwakwalwa kuma suna da hannu a cikin daidaita yanayi, fahimta, da watsa sigina tsakanin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi.
Bugu da ƙari, PLP ya zama dole don haɗa heme, wani ɓangare na haemoglobin da ake samu a cikin ƙwayoyin jinin ja. Hemoglobin yana da alhakin ɗaukar iskar oxygen a cikin jiki, wanda hakan ke sa PLP ya zama mahimmanci don kiyaye matakan iskar oxygen na yau da kullun da kuma tabbatar da aiki mai kyau na gabobin jiki da kyallen jiki daban-daban.
Saboda muhimmancinsa a cikin hanyoyin sinadarai da yawa, wani lokacin ana ba da shawarar ƙarin PLP ga mutanen da ke da wasu yanayi na lafiya ko ƙarancin bitamin B6. Ana samunsa a cikin nau'in kari kuma masu kula da lafiya na iya rubuta shi don takamaiman buƙatu.
-
Ragewa, glutathione CAS:9001-48-3
Glutathione reductase wani enzyme ne da ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyaye daidaiton glutathione mai raguwa da oxidized (GSH/GSSG) a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta. Glutathione wani tripeptide ne wanda ya ƙunshi amino acid glycine, cysteine, da glutamate. Yana aiki a matsayin babban maganin hana ƙwayoyin cuta kuma yana shiga cikin ayyukan ƙwayoyin halitta daban-daban, gami da tsarkakewa daga gubobi, haɗa DNA da gyara shi, da kuma haɗa furotin.
Glutathione reductase yana haɓaka rage yawan glutathione mai oxidized (GSSG) zuwa yanayinsa mai raguwa (GSH) ta hanyar amfani da NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) a matsayin cofactor. Wannan amsawar tana da mahimmanci don kiyaye raguwar yanayin glutathione a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta, saboda GSSG na iya taruwa a gaban damuwa ta oxidative.
Ta hanyar kiyaye daidaiton rabon GSH zuwa GSSG, glutathione reductase yana taimakawa wajen kare ƙwayoyin halitta daga lalacewar iskar shaka da nau'in iskar shaka (ROS) da sauran ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa ke haifarwa. Yana aiki a matsayin babban mai taka rawa a cikin tsarin kariya daga iskar shaka na ƙwayoyin halitta.
Bugu da ƙari, glutathione reductase yana da hannu wajen sake amfani da glutathione disulfide (GSSG) da ake samarwa a lokacin ayyukan metabolism daban-daban, yana tabbatar da samuwar raguwar glutathione (GSH) don ayyukan ƙwayoyin halitta da yawa.
