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PNPG CAS: 3150-24-1 Farashin Mai ƙira
PNPG, ko p-nitrophenyl β-D-glucopyranoside, wani ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta ne da ake amfani da su a cikin gwaje-gwajen kwayoyin halitta don auna ayyukan glucosidase enzymes.Ba shi da launi kuma ba mai walƙiya ba, amma akan hydrolysis ta glucosidase, an canza shi zuwa p-nitrophenol, wanda ke da launin rawaya kuma ana iya gano shi cikin sauƙi ta spectrophotometrically.
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ONPG CAS: 369-07-3 Farashin Mai samarwa
O-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG) wani abu ne na roba da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin binciken nazarin halittu da kwayoyin halitta don auna ayyukan enzyme β-galactosidase.An saba amfani dashi a cikin gwaje-gwaje don gano maganganun kwayoyin halitta a cikin tsarin kwayoyin cuta, irin su Escherichia coli.ONPG wani fili marar launi ne wanda β-galactosidase ya raba, wanda ya haifar da sakin fili mai launin rawaya, o-nitrophenol.Za'a iya auna launin rawaya da aka samar da shi ta spectrophotometrically, yana ba da ma'auni na aikin enzyme kai tsaye.Ana yin amfani da ONPG sau da yawa ana kiransa ONPG assay kuma hanya ce da aka yi amfani da ita a cikin binciken ilimin kwayoyin halitta don tantance matakan maganganun kwayoyin halitta da lac ke sarrafawa. operon a cikin kwayoyin halitta.
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Nitrotetrazolium Blue Chloride CAS: 298-83-9
Nitrotetrazolium Blue Chloride (NBT) alama ce ta redox da aka saba amfani da ita a cikin kididdigar nazarin halittu da kwayoyin halitta.Yana da kodadde rawaya foda wanda ya juya blue lokacin da aka rage shi, yana sa ya zama mai amfani don gano gaban wasu enzymes da aikin rayuwa.
NBT yana amsawa tare da masu ɗaukar lantarki da enzymes kamar dehydrogenases, waɗanda ke da hannu a cikin matakai daban-daban na salon salula.Lokacin da aka rage NBT ta waɗannan enzymes, yana haifar da haɓakar launin shuɗi, yana ba da damar gano gani ko spectrophotometric.
Ana amfani da wannan reagent akai-akai a gwaje-gwaje irin su gwajin rage NBT, inda ake amfani da shi don tantance fashe fashe na sel na rigakafi.Hakanan za'a iya amfani da shi don nazarin ayyukan enzyme da hanyoyin rayuwa a cikin binciken da ya shafi damuwa na oxidative, dacewar tantanin halitta, da bambancin tantanin halitta.
NBT ya samo aikace-aikace a fannoni daban-daban, ciki har da microbiology, immunology, da ilmin halitta.Yana da m, in mun gwada da kwanciyar hankali, kuma mai sauƙin amfani, yana mai da shi mashahurin zaɓi don ƙa'idodin gwaji da yawa.
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Neocuproine CAS: 484-11-7 Farashin Mai ƙira
Neocuproine wakili ne na chelating wanda aka saba amfani dashi a aikace-aikace daban-daban, gami da sunadarai na nazari da magunguna.Yana da alaƙa mai ƙarfi don ions jan ƙarfe kuma yana samar da barga tare da su.Wannan kadarorin yana sa neocuproine ya zama mai amfani don ganowa da ƙididdige jan ƙarfe a cikin mafita ko samfura.Bugu da ƙari, an yi nazarin neocuproine don yuwuwar aikace-aikacensa na warkewa, musamman wajen magance cutar kansa da cututtukan neurodegenerative.
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IPTG CAS: 367-93-1 Farashin Mai ƙira
Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) wani analog na roba ne na lactose wanda aka saba amfani dashi a cikin binciken nazarin halittun kwayoyin halitta da aikace-aikacen fasahar halittu.Ana amfani da IPTG da farko don haifar da bayyanar da kwayoyin halitta a cikin tsarin kwayoyin cuta, inda yake aiki a matsayin abin jawo kwayoyin halitta don fara rubutun kwayoyin halitta.
Lokacin da aka ƙara zuwa matsakaicin girma, IPTG ana ɗauka ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta kuma yana iya ɗaure da furotin na lac repressor, yana hana shi toshe ayyukan lac operon.Lac operon wani gungu ne na kwayoyin halitta da ke da hannu a cikin metabolism na lactose, kuma lokacin da aka cire furotin mai hanawa, ana bayyana kwayoyin.
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HATU CAS: 148893-10-1 Farashin Mai ƙira
HATU (1-[bis (dimethylamino) methylene] -1H-1,2,3-triazolo [4,5-b] pyridinium 3-oxid hexafluorophosphate) shine reagent da aka saba amfani dashi a cikin kira na peptide da sunadarai na halitta.
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D-fucose CAS: 3615-37-0 Farashin Mai samarwa
D-fucose monosaccharide ne, musamman sukari mai-carbon shida, wanda ke cikin rukunin masu saukin sukari da ake kira hexoses.Yana da isomer na glucose, wanda ya bambanta a cikin tsarin ƙungiyar hydroxyl ɗaya.
D-fucose ana samunsa ta halitta a cikin halittu daban-daban, ciki har da ƙwayoyin cuta, fungi, tsirrai, da dabbobi.Yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin matakai na rayuwa da yawa, kamar siginar tantanin halitta, mannewar tantanin halitta, da haɗin glycoprotein.Yana da wani ɓangare na glycolipids, glycoproteins, da proteoglycans, waɗanda ke da hannu a cikin sadarwar salula da kuma ganewa.
A cikin mutane, D-fucose kuma yana da hannu a cikin biosynthesis na mahimman tsarin glycan, irin su Lewis antigens da antigens na rukuni na jini, waɗanda ke da tasiri a cikin karfin jini da kamuwa da cuta.
Ana iya samun D-fucose daga tushe daban-daban, gami da ciyawa, tsire-tsire, da fermentation na ƙwayoyin cuta.Ana amfani da shi a cikin bincike da aikace-aikacen ilimin halitta, da kuma samar da wasu magunguna da magungunan warkewa.
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DDT CAS: 3483-12-3 Farashin Mai samarwa
DL-Dithiothreitol, wanda kuma aka sani da DTT, wakili ne mai ragewa da aka saba amfani dashi a binciken nazarin halittu da kwayoyin halitta.Karamin kwayoyin halitta ne tare da rukunin thiol (mai dauke da sulfur) akan kowane karshen.
Ana amfani da DTT akai-akai don karya alaƙar disulfide a cikin sunadaran, wanda ke taimakawa buɗewa ko cire su.Wannan raguwar haɗin disulfide yana da mahimmanci a cikin hanyoyin gwaje-gwaje daban-daban kamar tsarkakewar furotin, gel electrophoresis, da nazarin tsarin furotin.Hakanan ana iya amfani da DTT don kare ƙungiyoyin thiol da hana iskar shaka yayin hanyoyin gwaji.
DTT yawanci ana ƙara shi zuwa mafita na gwaji a cikin ƙananan ƙira, kuma aikinsa ya dogara da kasancewar iskar oxygen.Yana da mahimmanci a kula da DTT a hankali yayin da yake kula da iska, zafi, da danshi, wanda zai iya rage tasirinsa.
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D-(+)-Galactose CAS: 59-23-4 Farashin Mai ƙira
D- (+) -Galactose shine sukari na monosaccharide kuma muhimmin sashi na yawancin hanyoyin rayuwa.Sikari ne da ke faruwa a zahiri da ake samu a yawancin abinci, kamar 'ya'yan itatuwa, kayan kiwo, da kayan lambu.
Galactose yawanci yana metabolized a cikin jiki ta hanyar jerin halayen enzymatic.Yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin sadarwar salula, samar da makamashi, da biosynthesis na muhimman kwayoyin halitta kamar glycolipids, glycoproteins, da lactose.
Dangane da aikace-aikacen sa, D- (+) -Galactose ana amfani dashi a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da fasahar halittu azaman tushen carbon a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na al'ada don haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban.Hakanan ana amfani da ita wajen samar da mahaɗan bioactive iri-iri, magunguna, da samfuran abinci.Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da shi akai-akai azaman wakili na bincike na likita, musamman a cikin gwaje-gwaje don tantance aikin hanta da gano cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta masu alaƙa da metabolism na galactose.
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beta-D-Galactose pentaacetate CAS: 4163-60-4
Beta-D-Galactose pentaacetate wani sinadari ne da aka samu daga galactose, sukarin monosaccharide.An kafa shi ta hanyar acetylating kowane rukunin hydroxyl na kwayoyin galactose tare da kungiyoyin acetyl guda biyar.
Ana amfani da wannan fili sau da yawa azaman wakili mai karewa don galactose a cikin halayen sinadarai daban-daban da hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa.Tsarin pentaacetate yana taimakawa wajen daidaita galactose kuma ya hana halayen da ba'a so ko canje-canje a lokacin halayen.
Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani da wannan fili azaman mafari don haɗa sauran abubuwan da suka samo asali na galactose.Ƙungiyoyin acetyl za a iya zaɓin cire su don samun nau'ikan galactose daban-daban tare da takamaiman ƙungiyoyin aiki.
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5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-glucuronide sodium gishiri CAS:129541-41-9
5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-glucuronide sodium gishiri wani sinadari ne da aka saba amfani da shi wajen binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje da bincike.Sau da yawa ana kiransa X-Gluc kuma ana amfani dashi ko'ina azaman ma'auni don gano ayyukan enzyme na beta-glucuronidase.
Lokacin da beta-glucuronidase ya kasance, yana raba haɗin glucuronide a cikin X-Gluc, wanda ke haifar da 'yantar da launin shuɗi mai suna 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl.Ana amfani da wannan amsa da yawa don gani ko spectrophotometrically gano kalmar beta-glucuronidase enzyme a cikin sel ko kyallen takarda.
Siffar gishiri na sodium na X-Gluc yana inganta narkewa a cikin hanyoyin ruwa, yana sauƙaƙe amfani da shi a cikin gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje.X-Gluc ana amfani dashi galibi a cikin binciken ilimin halittu don nazarin maganganun kwayoyin halitta, ayyukan talla, da tantancewar kwayoyin halitta.Hakanan za'a iya amfani da shi don gano kasancewar beta-glucuronidase-masu samar da kwayoyin halitta, kamar wasu ƙwayoyin cuta, a cikin nazarin ƙwayoyin cuta.
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4-Nitrophenyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside CAS: 2001-96-9
4-Nitrophenyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside wani abu ne na chromogenic da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin ƙididdigar enzymatic don ganowa da auna ayyukan enzymes da ake kira beta-xylosidases.
